The Celluloid Nation: Nationalism and Identity in Contemporary Hindi Cinema Surbhi

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract This paper examines the evolving role of Hindi cinema in propagating nationalism from the pre-independence era to the contemporary period. It traces the shift from films that supported the anti-colonial struggle and Nehruvian secularism to modern productions that often engage with more overt and politically charged nationalist narratives. The study analyzes how key historical periods—the Nehruvian era, the Emergency, and the post-1980s—shaped the portrayal of national identity, patriotism, and political ideologies on screen. While earlier films like Naya Daur (1957) and Haqeeqat (1964) aimed to build a secular, united, and strong India, recent movies such asThe Tashkent Files (2019),The Kashmir Files (2022), and The Bengal Files (2025)have been both celebrated for instilling national pride and criticized for their perceived propagandistic nature and historical inaccuracies. The study draws on academic sources to contextualize this shift within India's changing socio-political landscape, highlighting how Bollywood acts as a powerful tool for both reflecting and influencing national discourse. The paper highlights that contemporary Hindi films not only entertain but also serve as powerful tools for shaping public opinion, particularly among the youth, by making complex political subjects relatable. It concludes that Hindi cinema is a significant force in India's political and cultural landscape, effectively fostering a sense of national identity while simultaneously navigating the complex and often controversial lines between art, history, and political messaging. The findings are supported by analysis of film content, public reception, and insights from filmmakers, confirming the industry's sustained influence in promoting nationalistic sentiment.

References

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